The four cherubim with their wheels seen by Ezekiel with God’s glory (Ez. 1: 10; 10: 14) were also seen by John the Theologian next to the throne of God (Rev. 4: 6-7). Their faces were that of a lion, an ox, a man and an eagle. Not long afterwards Christians adopted these four creatures to represent the four gospels. According to John was given the eagle as its icon.

Es imposible leer el evangelio Según Juan sin tomar en cuenta su dependencia del Antiguo Testamento, de la Torah. De la misma manera en que se presupone que el lector está al tanto de todo su contenido desde el mismo principio, también se presupone que el lector conoce las historias de los patriarcas y los libros de los profetas.

            It is impossible to read According to John and not become aware of its dependence on the Old Testament, on the Torah. In the same way in which it is taken for granted that the reader knows its content before beginning to read, it is also assumed that the reader knows well the stories of the patriarchs and the books of the prophets and the Psalms.

            In 1901 Wilhelm Wrede shook the academic study of the gospels by arguing that not everything recorded in the gospel According to Mark had actually happened as described. Wrede identified in this gospel a leitmotiv that he named “the Messianic secret”. It is present in the gospel in two basic forms.

En 1901 Wilhelm Wrede sacudió a los estudiosos de los evangelios al argumentar que en el evangelio Según Marcos no todo era un recuento exacto de lo ocurrido. Wrede identificó en este evangelio un leitmotiv que denominó “el secreto mesiánico”. Esta característica del evangelio se manifiesta de dos maneras.

En el evangelio Según Juan la palabra “mundo” es, sin duda, polisémica. Aparece más de sesenta veces en el texto y si no se presta atención a cómo es usada es fácil malinterpretar su mensaje o concluir que el evangelio se contradice. Es, por lo tanto, necesario hacer un análisis de sus usos.

            In the gospel According to John the word “world” is, without a doubt, semantically rich. This word appears more than sixty times in the text, and if one does not pay attention it is relatively easy to misinterpret its message or conclude that the gospel contradicts itself. It is necessary, therefore, to do an analysis of its usage.

            In the synoptic gospels Jesus’ healings and exorcisms are called dúnamis. English versions translate this term as “wonder”, “virtue”, “miracle”. The Greek word means “strength”, “power”. The words “dynamo” and “dynamite” are derived from it.

En los evangelios sinópticos las curaciones y exorcismos de Jesús se describen como dúnamis. Las versiones españolas traducen este término como “maravilla”, “virtud”, “milagro”, “prodigio”. El vocablo griego significa “fuerza”, “poder”. Las palabras “dínamo” y “dinamita” derivan de él.